ADHD in children and adults: Herbal remedies can help

          

Posted: February 2025
Author: Hannah Leech, Naturopath | Medical Herbalist  | BNat, NMHNZ

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, leading to symptoms including inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.  While ADHD is often diagnosed in childhood, for some, it can be diagnosed late into adulthood.  In New Zealand, an estimated 280,000 Kiwis have ADHD, which means about 1 in 20 people are affected by the condition. ⁽¹⁾  Medication and therapy treatments are widely used, although there is increasing interest in complementary approaches, such as herbal remedies, to help manage ADHD symptoms.
 

The brain in ADHD

ADHD is associated with differences in the development of certain areas of the brain, particularly the frontal lobe, which plays a key role in regulating attention, behaviour, and executive functions (like planning, impulse control, and decision-making). ⁽²⁾

For individuals with ADHD, the prefrontal cortex, a specific part of the frontal lobe, develops at a slower rate compared to individuals without ADHD.  This delay in development is typically around three years in children and adolescents. ⁽³⁾  The prefrontal cortex is responsible for functions of controlling impulses, staying focused, organising tasks, and managing emotions.  Because this area of the brain matures more slowly in those with ADHD, they may struggle with tasks that require sustained attention, controlling impulses, and regulating behaviour.  These challenges can lead to the core symptoms of ADHD such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ⁽³⁾

ADHD doesn't occur due to a lack of intelligence or effort, but rather because the brain's development in key areas, especially those responsible for executive functions, is delayed.  This slower maturation can make it harder for individuals with ADHD to manage tasks and behaviours in ways that others might find more normal.
 

ADHD in children: A closer look

The presentation of ADHD in children is often different for each child but usually include several, but not all, of the following:

Inattention

Children with ADHD often struggle with sustaining attention, particularly in tasks that require prolonged focus.  They may easily become distracted by external stimuli or their own thoughts, leading them to lose track of what they are doing.  This may show up in their schoolwork, where they might frequently make careless mistakes or leave tasks incomplete.  Instructions or assignments that involve multiple steps can be particularly challenging for them to follow, often resulting in unfinished work or confusion.⁽⁴⁾

Hyperactivity/impulsivity

Hyperactivity and impulsivity are key characteristics of ADHD in children.  They often find it difficult to sit still, even in situations where staying seated is expected, like in class or during meals.  This constant movement may include fidgeting, squirming, or running around when it's inappropriate.  

A child with ADHD may also talk excessively, often interrupting others in conversations or struggling to wait their turn.  Impulsivity is another sign of ADHD, leading to hasty actions without always thinking about the consequences.  For instance, a child may blurt out answers in class or jump into situations without considering the risks.  They may also display impatience, having difficulty waiting for their turn during group activities or games, often leading to frustration. ⁽⁵⁾

Emotional regulation

Children with ADHD often struggle regulating their emotions.  They may experience frequent mood swings, shifting quickly from one emotion to another, such as from excitement to frustration or sadness.  This emotional instability can make it difficult for them to cope with challenges or setbacks.  

A child with ADHD might have a low tolerance for frustration, becoming easily upset over minor issues or changes in routine.  They may overreact to situations that other children would find manageable, leading to outbursts or difficulty calming down once upset.  These emotional challenges can sometimes result in misunderstandings or conflicts with peers, parents, and teachers. ⁽⁶⁾

Social challenges

Social interactions may be particularly difficult for children with ADHD.  They may struggle to make and maintain friendships due to their impulsive behaviours, such as interrupting conversations or not following social cues.  This difficulty with social interactions can make it harder for them to navigate group settings.  

Additionally, children with ADHD may experience conflicts with authority figures, such as teachers or parents, due to their tendency to challenge rules or act impulsively without thinking about the consequences. ⁽⁷⁾

Academic challenges

In the classroom, children with ADHD may face academic challenges due to their difficulty with attention, organisation, and task completion.  They might have trouble focusing on lessons and slip behind in their learning. ⁽⁸⁾

ADHD in adults

While ADHD is often diagnosed in childhood, many people continue to experience symptoms into adulthood without a formal diagnosis.  The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), suggests about 60% of children with ADHD will continue to have symptoms as adults. ⁽⁹⁾  ADHD can manifest differently in adults than in children, with common symptoms including:

• Chronic procrastination: Difficulty completing tasks or meeting deadlines.
• Time management problems: Struggling to prioritise and organise daily responsibilities.
• Difficulty with focus: Trouble concentrating in meetings or conversations.
• Impulsivity: Making hasty decisions or engaging in risky behaviours. ⁽⁹⁾

With the right support and understanding, ADHD can be managed well and even have many advantages.  These include enhanced creativity, the ability to think outside the box, and an innovative mindset.  Their high energy levels can be an asset in dynamic and fast-paced environments, where they can thrive with multitasking and adaptability.  Additionally, their impulsiveness can sometimes lead to bold decisions and taking risks that others might shy away from, which can result in unexpected successes. ⁽⁸⁾

 

ADHD in females

ADHD often presents differently in females than in males, making it more challenging to diagnose.  While boys and men with ADHD typically display hyperactive and impulsive behaviours, which are more noticeable and disruptive, girls are more likely to have the inattentive subtype, characterised by daydreaming, forgetfulness, and difficulty focusing. ⁽³⁾  These symptoms can be less obvious and more easily overlooked.  This gender bias in recognition and diagnosis means that many females are not diagnosed until later in life, often in adulthood, when their symptoms may have led to more significant emotional or academic challenges. ⁽⁴⁾

 

Herbs for ADHD

While ADHD is typically treated with prescription medications (Ritalin or Adderall), many individuals seek complementary therapies to help manage symptoms.  Herbal remedies have been used for centuries to support mental focus, reduce hyperactivity, and calm impulsive behaviours.  Here are some herbs that may offer potential benefits for individuals with ADHD:

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba): One of the most well-known herbs for cognitive enhancement.  It is believed to improve blood flow to the brain, which may, in turn, support memory, concentration, and overall cognitive function.  Some studies suggest that ginkgo may be particularly helpful for managing ADHD symptoms.  It may assist in improving attention span and reducing hyperactivity. ⁽¹⁰⁾

Bacopa (Bacopa monnieri): A herb used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries, it is known for its adaptogenic properties.  It has been shown to support cognitive function, particularly in the areas of memory, learning, and attention.  Research indicates that Bacopa may be beneficial for individuals with ADHD, as it has neuroprotective properties that could improve focus and mental clarity.  By supporting cognitive health, Bacopa may help reduce distractions and enhance the ability to concentrate, making it an attractive option for ADHD symptom management. ⁽¹¹⁾

Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea): An adaptogen known for its ability to combat stress, reduce fatigue, and improve mental performance.  It has been found to have a positive impact on cognitive function and attention, which could be particularly helpful for individuals with ADHD.  Additionally, Rhodiola may assist in regulating mood, potentially helping with impulsivity and irritability - common challenges for those with ADHD. ⁽¹²⁾

Withania (Withania somnifera): Also known as Ashwagandha.  An adaptogenic herb, is widely used for its ability to help the body adapt to stress.  For individuals with ADHD, chronic stress and anxiety can worsen symptoms, such as inattention and impulsivity.  Ashwagandha may help reduce anxiety levels, promote relaxation, and improve mental clarity, all of which can contribute to better symptom management.  By addressing the underlying stress that can exacerbate ADHD, Ashwagandha may be beneficial in improving overall well-being and focus. ⁽¹³⁾

Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis): A member of the mint family, is known for its calming properties.  Traditionally used to relieve anxiety and stress, lemon balm may also help soothe restlessness, a common symptom of ADHD.  For both children and adults, lemon balm may promote mental calmness, enabling better concentration and focus. ⁽¹⁴⁾

Kava (Piper methysticum): A herb that helps to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. For individuals with ADHD, kava may help manage anxiety, a common issue that can exacerbate symptoms like inattention and impulsivity.  By promoting relaxation and mental calm, kava may help improve focus and overall cognitive performance in those with ADHD. ⁽¹⁵⁾

Maritime Pine Bark (Pinus pinaster): This herb contains a potent antioxidant compound known as pycnogenol. Pycnogenol has been shown to have significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may be beneficial for individuals with ADHD. Studies suggest that pycnogenol can help improve cognitive function, reduce hyperactivity, and enhance attention in people with ADHD, making it a potentially valuable adjunct in managing the condition. ⁽¹⁶⁾

While herbal remedies can be a valuable tool in managing ADHD symptoms, it is best to consult with a health professional before starting any new treatment.

 

Conclusion

ADHD can be challenging, but herbal remedies offer a natural way to support focus, reduce hyperactivity, and manage impulsivity.  Herbs including Ginkgo Biloba, Bacopa Monnieri, and Ashwagandha show promise in improving cognitive function and calming the mind.  While these remedies can complement traditional treatments, it's important to consult a healthcare professional before trying new options.  With the right approach, herbal support can be a valuable tool in managing ADHD, leading a normal life and enhancing overall well-being.

 

 

References:

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